Mining minerals in Uganda

Uganda is endowed with a variety of mineral resources, which contribute significantly to its economic potential. Key minerals include gold, copper, cobalt, limestone, and phosphates, among others. Gold is primarily mined in the Busia district in eastern Uganda and the Karamoja region in the northeast, with artisanal and small-scale mining being predominant. Copper and cobalt are found in the Kilembe mines near Kasese in western Uganda, which were historically significant but have faced operational challenges in recent years. Limestone, essential for cement production, is extensively mined in Hima and Tororo in eastern Uganda, supporting the country’s construction industry. Additionally, phosphates, used in fertilizer production, are located in Sukulu Hills near Tororo. Other minerals like tin, tungsten, and rare earth elements are found in areas such as southwestern Uganda, particularly around Kabale and Kisoro.

Despite its mineral wealth, Uganda’s mining sector remains underdeveloped, with much of the extraction being artisanal or small-scale. The government has been working to attract foreign investment and improve infrastructure to fully exploit these resources. For instance, the Karamoja region, rich in gold and marble, has seen increased exploration activities, while oil discoveries in the Albertine Graben have drawn attention to the region’s broader resource potential. However, challenges such as inadequate regulation, environmental concerns, and limited value addition persist. Efforts to formalize the sector and promote sustainable mining practices are ongoing, with the aim of maximizing the economic benefits of Uganda’s mineral wealth while minimizing environmental and social impacts.